Exploring behavioural patterns during complex problem-solving

In this explorative study, we investigate how sequences of behaviour are related to success or failure in complex problem-solving (CPS). To this end, we analysed log data from two different tasks of the problem-solving assessment of the Programme for International Student Assessment 2012 study (n = 30,098 students). We first coded every interaction of students as (initial or repeated) exploration, (initial or repeated) goal-directed behaviour, or resetting the task. We then split the data according to task successes and failures. We used full-path sequence analysis to identify groups of students with similar behavioural patterns in the respective tasks. Double-checking and minimalistic behaviour was associated with success in CPS, while guessing and exploring task-irrelevant content was associated with failure. Our findings held for both tasks investigated, from two different CPS measurement frameworks. We thus gained detailed insight into the behavioural processes that are related to success and failure in CPS.     

复杂系统的设计认知和创新

目的研究复杂系统设计过程中设计师的设计认知和设计创新行为。方法通过国内外相关文献的研究和分析,总结归纳复杂系统设计问题界定和解决方案构思的认知过程、复杂系统创新设计构思的生成机制、复杂系统的创新设计策略,分析复杂系统设计认知和创新研究领域将发生的变革和未来发展的趋势。结论系统探讨了复杂系统设计认知与创新过程中的设计问题界定和解决方案构思的联合演化机制、给定和自发性解决方案示例,给设计师带来的认知固化和类比推理创新启发作用、结构化和机会主义的创新设计策略,发现当下的复杂系统创新设计理论和实践研究,还需要进一步开展跨学科知识融合激励的复杂系统创新设计研究,与此同时,加强关于设计师主观认知不确定性的定量建模研究,从而更好、更有针对性地探究复杂系统创新设计中认知过程的自然本质。     

A nanosystem of copper(II)-disulfiram for cancer treatment with high efficacy and few side effects

Developing chemotherapy drugs with high efficacy and few side effects has been a bottleneck problem that requires an efficient solution. The active cancer treatment ingredient disulfiram (DSF), inspired by the copper(II) diethyldithiocarbamate complex (CuET), can be used in a one-pot synthesis method to construct a CuET delivery nanosystem (CuET-ZIF_Cu@HA). Due to the high biocompatibility, targeting of CD44 overexpressed cancer cells, and acid response of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) materials of hyaluronic acid (HA), we realized that CuET-ZIF_Cu@HA could become an effective and highly selective cancer treatment. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that CuET-ZIF_Cu@HA has robust anti-tumor properties without evident side effects. This research provided a promising strategy for DSF nanosystems that involves simple preparation and high efficacy, both of which are key to reusing DSF in cancer treatment.     

One universal method of complex system reliability,maintainability, supportability,testability quotas design and trade-off based on improved flower pollination algorithm

For modern complex system, quality has become a serious and difficult problem that restricts the generation of combat effectiveness. Withal, based on domestic and foreign research and analysis, this paper puts forward a trade-off method for complex system reliability, maintainability, supportability, testability (RMST) design, which is suitable for product design stage. First, aiming at the uncertain problem of complex system constrained optimization, the good-point set population initialization, Deb feasibility comparison method and ε constraint method are integrated into the flower pollination algorithm, to construct the algorithm for RMST quotas design and trade-off. Second, taking the typical series-parallel repairable system as an example, one general model for complex system RMST quotas design and trade-off based on effectiveness is constructed. Finally, take an unmanned nuclear radiation detection system as a typical case, to verify its feasibility, advantages, and disadvantages.     

The importance of identifying the true catalyst when using Randles-Sevcik equation to calculate turnover frequency

Water splitting will become important to store excess renewable electrical energy into hydrogen. Although the oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) by water oxidation is a critical reaction for water splitting, further investigations are needed to find the details of the OER mechanism for various electrocatalysts. More in particular for homogeneous electrocatalysts, the Randles-Sevcik equation has been extensively applied to determine the turnover frequency (TOF). Herein, using vitamin B₁₂ as a case study, we show that the dynamical deposition/dissolution of the heterogeneous catalyst during OER makes the Randles-Sevcik equation too complicated to be used for calculating the TOF. Indeed, the conventionally applied post-characterization methods do not provide sufficient accuracy to prove the homogeneity of OER mechanisms; thus, using the Randles-Sevcik equation to calculate the TOF is not necessarily correct.     

Development of highly efficient and reusable Ruthenium complex catalyst for hydrogen evolution

Herein, we report an efficient, environmentally friendly and stable catalyst development to hydrogen evolution from sodium borohydride hydrolysis. For this purpose, Ruthenium complex catalyst successfully fabricated via 5-Amino-2,4-dichlorophenol-3,5-ditertbutylsalisylaldimine ligand and RuCl₃·H₂O salt. Ru complex catalyst was identified with X-Ray Diffraction Analysis, Infrared Spectroscopy, Elemental Analysis, Transmission electron microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Surface Area Analysis. According to the analysis results, it was confirmed that Ru complex catalyst was successfully synthesized. Ru complex was used as a catalyst in NaBH₄ hydrolysis. The kinetic performance of Ru complex catalyst was evaluated at various reaction temperatures, various sodium borohydride concentration, catalyst concentration and sodium hydroxide concentration in hydrogen evolution. The apparent activation energy for the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride was determined as 25.8 kJ mol^?1. With fully conversion, the promised well durability of Ru complex was achieved by the five consecutive cycles for hydrogen evolution in sodium borohydride hydrolysis The hydrogen evolution rates were 299,220 and 160,832 mL H₂ g_cat^?1 min^?1 in order of at 50 °C and 30 °C. Furthermore, the proposed mechanism of Ru complex catalyzed sodium borohydride hydrolysis was defined step by step. This study provides different insight into the rational design and utilization and catalytic effects of ruthenium complex in hydrogen evolution performance.     

基于复杂网络视角的全球铀矿产品贸易特征分析

中国铀矿资源禀赋不佳,需要进口大量铀矿资源以满足国内需求,在铀矿资源对外依存度维持高位的背景下,中国铀矿国际贸易安全显得尤为重要。本文在构建全球铀矿产品贸易复杂网络模型的基础上,对2000～2018年全球铀矿产品贸易特征和主要国家地位演变趋势进行分析,得出:2000年以来随着以中国为首的新兴核电大国的崛起,对铀矿资源需求的增加,推动了全球铀矿产品贸易的发展。现阶段全球天然铀贸易主要由需求国控制,而全球主要的天然铀出口国哈萨克斯坦和澳大利亚几乎没有话语权。发达国家凭借着技术优势和壁垒,垄断富铀产品贸易市场。中国需要提前做好战略布局,在稳定现有贸易来源的基础上,更加深度地参与全球天然铀和富铀产品贸易。     

高效复合选煤浮选药剂的研究

介绍了一种将捕收剂、起泡剂合二为一的高效复合选煤药剂的制各和应用性能，分析了药剂的乳化和稳定性机理。实验表明，该药剂稳定性好，在获得相同的浮选效果时，该复合药剂的用量比传统的轻柴油药方节省20％—30％。     

复杂地质条件下深厚冲积层冻结凿井快速施工

通过泉店煤矿中央风井冻结段外壁掘砌快速施工过程管理,总结了复杂地质条件下冻结井筒的快速施工技术及管理方法,为其它类似条件矿井提供参考。     

虚拟样机技术在回转零件镜面复合抛光机设计中的应用研究

在回转零件镜面复合抛光机的设计中,采用虚拟样机技术,利用Pro/Engineer对其进行三维实体建模及虚拟装配,并进行了机构运动仿真,实现了产品的优化设计、降低了研发成本、缩短了研发周期。